“Silence in the court!”
White Rabbit·CHAPTER XI. Who Stole the Tarts?
Central Question

Why does the White Rabbit cry “Silence in the court!” and what does this reveal about Wonderland’s idea of justice and authority?

Quick Facts

Speaker
White Rabbit
Chapter
CHAPTER XI. Who Stole the Tarts?

Analysis

Context

In Chapter XI, Alice watches the Queen and King of Hearts preside over a trial accusing the Knave of Hearts of stealing tarts. Before any evidence is given, the jurors busily scribble their own names on slates “for fear they should forget them.” Alice, irritated, blurts out “Stupid things!” The White Rabbit—acting as herald and court officer—immediately pipes, “Silence in the court!” The King anxiously dons spectacles to spot the speaker, while the jurors dutifully write down the very phrase “stupid things!” on their slates, even misspelling it and consulting neighbors. The command for silence momentarily halts Alice, but it does not produce order; instead, it adds to the procedural muddle that already passes for justice in this card-court.

A formula for order that manufactures nonsense

“Silence in the court!” is a stock courtroom imperative meant to secure decorum so testimony can be heard and judged. In Wonderland, the line functions as a ritual formula without the rational outcome it promises. The White Rabbit, trumpet and scroll in hand, occupies the procedural role—herald, clerk, usher—whose job is to make a spectacle seem official. His cry briefly asserts authority over Alice’s spontaneous critique, but the scene shows how hollow that authority is. The King cannot locate the culprit even with spectacles; the jurors, who should be silent listeners, busily copy the disturbance instead of information, writing “stupid things!” on their slates and even asking how to spell “stupid.” The command thus generates more noise in the form of pointless record-keeping. Carroll parodies the performative power of legal language: the words are supposed to enact order, yet they enforce only the appearance of procedure. Alice’s growing body and growing skepticism soon outstrip such formulae; by the next chapter she will refuse “sentence first—verdict afterwards,” exposing that this court values the ceremony of control over the substance of justice.
Analysis

Parody of legal performatives and arbitrary enforcement

The Rabbit’s cry dramatizes how Wonderland treats rules as a social performance. In ordinary courts, “Silence in the court!” is a performative utterance that helps produce the conditions for reasoned judgment. Here, the performative misfires: authority is derivative (the Rabbit speaks for the King), panicky (the King’s spectacles), and misdirected (jurors record nonsense). Carroll anchors the satire in specifics: jurors add up three contradictory dates “and reduced the answer to shillings and pence,” then transcribe “stupid things!”—procedures detached from meaning. The cry also reveals selective enforcement: the Queen freely threatens execution mid-hearing, yet noise from Alice is policed, and cheering guinea-pigs are literally “suppressed” in bags. The imperative foreshadows Alice’s coming resistance; once she grows fully, she rejects the court’s empty formulas altogether. Thus the line crystallizes the theme of arbitrary-authority-and-justice: language that claims control but, in practice, sustains absurd power rather than truth-finding.

Performative language without effect

The command should create order, but it sparks further procedural clutter—jurors write down the disturbance instead of evidence. Carroll shows how official phrases can preserve the look of law while derailing its purpose.

Alice’s critique meets ritual authority

The Rabbit’s bark curbs Alice’s “Stupid things!” for a moment, yet the scene strengthens her judgment. As she physically grows during the trial, she becomes able to challenge commands that prioritize etiquette over inquiry.

Links to themes and characters

- Arbitrary authority: The King and Queen’s threats and the Rabbit’s formulaic orders enforce obedience without reason. - Rules as social performance: Trumpets, slates, and spectacles stage legality. - Logic and nonsense: Jurors’ note-taking and arithmetic parody rational procedure. - Characters: White Rabbit as anxious functionary; King as inept judge; Queen as punitive sovereign; Alice moving from compliance to open dissent.

Related

Characters